Episode Guide
All episodes are available online and on Apple Podcast, Spotify, castbox, Pocket cast, overcast, and castro
In their "final" episode, Nic and JET revisit their anniversary format to discuss five fun/dumb/weird ways to die (each). Thank you for all your support! Be sure to continue to follow us on social media :)
Resources:
Moore, Jack. “36 Weird Ways to Die.” BuzzFeed, BuzzFeed, 13 May 2020, https://www.buzzfeed.com/jpmoore/36-weird-ways-to-die
Johnson, Ben. “The London Beer Flood of 1814.” Historic UK, https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/The-London-Beer-Flood-of-1814/
Klein, Christopher. “10 Reasons Why Gouverneur Morris Was the Oddest Founding Father.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 4 Nov. 2016, https://www.history.com/news/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-oddest-founding-father
Mosvick, Nicholas. “Forgotten Founders: Gouverneur Morris.” National Constitution Center – Constitutioncenter.org, 8 June 2020, https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/forgotten-founders-gouverneur-morris
Crocker, Sarah. “The Arsenic Dress and Other Clothing That Killed People.” Grunge.com, Grunge, 12 Jan. 2022, https://www.grunge.com/706880/the-arsenic-dress-and-other-clothing-that-killed-people/
“Dancer Isadora Duncan Is Killed in Car Accident.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 13 Nov. 2009, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/dancer-isadora-duncan-is-killed-in-car-accident
DeSpira, Cat. “Dying to Play: The Berzerk Curse -Fact or Fiction?” Retro Bitch, 2 Feb. 2016, https://retrobitch.wordpress.com/2015/11/04/dying-to-play-the-berzerk-curse-fact-or-fiction/
“Elo's Mike Edwards Killed by Hay Bale in Freak Crash.” BBC News, BBC, 6 Sept. 2010, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-devon-11195393
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
Join JET and Nic as they end their foray into guns with an episode all about gunshot wounds. Please stay safe out there everyone!
Resources:
DiMaio, V.J.M., & Kimberley Molina, D. (2021). DiMaio's Forensic Pathology (3rd ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429318764
Di, M. V. J. M. (2016). Gunshot wounds: Practical aspects of firearms, ballistics, and forensic techniques
David E. Petzal. “Six of the Weirdest Guns Ever Made.” 13 May 2021: https://www.fieldandstream.com/story/guns/the-strangest-guns-ever-made/
Hayashi, T., Gapert, R., Tsokos, M. et al. Suicide with two shots to the head using a rare ‘Velo-Dog’ pocket revolver. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 9, 265–269 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12024-012-9360-z
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic continue their foray into guns with a step-by-step guide to performing a (multiple) gunshot wound autopsy.
Resources:
Spitz, Werner U, Daniel J. Spitz, and Russell S. Fisher. Spitz and Fisher's Medicolegal Investigation of Death: Guidelines for the Application of Pathology to Crime Investigation. Springfield, Ill: Charles C. Thomas, 2006. Print
DiMaio V. Gunshot Wounds: Practical Aspects of Firearms, Ballistics, and Forensic Techniques. 3rd ed. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 2015
OUR BRAINS!
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic begin their foray into guns with an intro episode about history, epidemiology, and gun anatomy 101!
Resources:
Yamane, D. The sociology of U.S. gun culture. Sociology Compass. 2017; 11:e12497. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12497
CBS News: How guns became a part of American culture (13 March 2016)
CBS News: How Australia dealt with mass shootings (13 March 2016)
The Washington Post: There are more guns than people in the United States, according to a new study of global firearm ownership (Christopher Ingraham; 19 June 2018)
Pew Research Center: What the data says about gun deaths in the U.S. (John Gramlich; 16 August 2019)
Amnesty International: Gun Violence - Key Facts
More Perfect Podcast: “The Gun Show” (12 October 2017)
DiMaio, V.J.M., & Kimberley Molina, D. (2021). DiMaio's Forensic Pathology (3rd ed.)
DiMaio, V.J.M. (2015). Gunshot Wounds: Practical Aspects of Firearms, Ballistics, and Forensic Techniques (3rd ed.). CRC Press.
Wikipedia:
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
In their annual holiday spectacular, JET and Nic discuss the differential deathignosis for the man, the myth, the legend: Santa Claus!
Resources:
History.com: Santa Claus (History.com editors; 16 Feb 2010, Updated: 14 Dec 2021)
Huffington Post: Twas The Night Before Christmas Poem: Original Lyrics (25 Dec 2010; Updated 25 May 2011)
Royal Society of Chemistry - education in chemistry: Percivall Pott, chimney sweeps and cancer (Alan Dronsfield; 28 February 2006)
Dolinak
Schaefer TJ, Tannan SC. Thermal Burns. [Updated 2021 Sep 18]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Fast Facts and Fact Sheets: Smoking & Tobacco Use
World Health Organization (WHO): Obesity
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD): Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
Welcome back! DMDTT decided to head to the movies for our return Halloween episode! Thanks for holding out for us and we hope you enjoy!
Resources:
ScreenRant - Halloween Theory: Michael Myers Has A Rare Medical Condition (Mara Bachman; 11 May 2020)
Illinois Medicolegal Death Investigation
NIH Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center:
Wikipedia: Halloween (franchise)
Fandom.com: Halloween Series Wiki
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
Folx, we've made it another year (surviving COVID, the end of residency, and the beginning of fellowship along the way)! So enjoy a few short tales of dumb ways people have died over the ages - from the time of Charles the Bad to modern-day "doing it for the 'gram"!
Resources:
History Collection: King Charles II Died a Horrible, Unfortunate Death (Natasha Sheldon; 8 June 2017)
Atlas Obscura: Visit a Beard That Killed Its Owner (Eric Grundhauser; 26 Jan 2018)
Marcet A. Account of a Man who lived ten Years after having swallowed a number of Clasp-Knives; with a Description of the Appearances of the Body after Death. Med Chir Trans. 1823;12(Pt 1):52-254.1
Goddard JC. A seaman's wager. J R Soc Med. 2003 Jul;96(7):359-60
Weird Universe: Death by Carrot Juice (Posted By: Alex - 12 July 2020)
Harvard Health Publishing: Vitamin A and your bones (9 March 2014)
Fact Republic: Basil Brown
All That’s Interesting: Despite Being A Renowned Mathematician, Kurt Gödel Starved Himself Out Of Paranoia (Aimee Lamoureux; Published June 29, 2018 | Updated July 11, 2018)
Mirror - Death by wedgie: Stepdad suffocates after underpants pulled over his head (Christopher Bucktin; Published: 9 Jan 2014 | Updated: 10 Jan 2014)
Wikipedia:
Music:
Opening theme: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
Recommended listening: The Austin Lounge Lizards - Saguaro
You always hear about fingers getting blown off, but how many deaths happen on and around July 4th? Spoiler - alcohol is often involved! Listen in to learn more and hear a fascinating July 4th tale!
Resources:
KQED: The 3 Presidents Who Died on the Fourth of July (And Other Strange Fatalities [Rae Alexandra, 2 Jul 2020]
History: Fourth of July – Independence Day (History.com Editors, Updated: 8 Jan 2021 | Original: 16 Dec 2009
Injury Facts: Holiday Traffic Fatality Estimate - Independence Day (Independence Day Holiday Period Estimate for 2020)
LA Times: Fourth of July is deadliest holiday weekend (Maya Srikrishnan; 5 July 2014)
The Trace: The Sometimes Tragic Physics of Celebratory July 4th Gunshots (Patrick Blanchfield, 2 Jul 2015)
Baylor College of Medicine: What goes up, must come down: The dangers of celebratory gunfire (Chad T. Wilson and Michael E. DeBakey, 31 Dec 2019)
Live Science: Fireworks Send Thousands of Americans to the ER Around the Fourth of July (Rachael Rettne, 2 July 2019)
California Department of Parks and Recreation: Boating Under the Influence Hurts More People Than Just You (28 June 2019)
New York Times: A History of Fireworks Mayhem on the Fourth of July (Niraj Chokshi, 1 July 2016)
Grey and Company Publishers: Cleveland’s Saddest Fourth – The 1908 S. S. Kresge Fireworks Explosion (Book Excerpt from They Died Crawling by John Stark Bellamy II)
Accident Doctor: July 4th Accident Statistics (Workky1, 6 July 2020)
NSC Injury Facts: Independence Day
CPSC Reminds Consumers to Celebrate with Safety This Fourth of July Season (26 June 2019)
Live Science: The Weirdest Fireworks Injuries Ever (Brandon Specktor, 17 June 2018)
USA Consumer Product Safety Commission: 2019 Fireworks Annual Report Fireworks-Related Deaths, Emergency Department-Treated Injuries and Enforcement Activities During 2019 (June 2020)
Wikipedia: Independence Day
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic are heading to Seattle to start fellowship and decided to record a pre-move primer on the city and surrounding county. We discuss everything from history and death statistics to the science behind the numerous feet that have washed ashore from the Salish Sea.
Resources:
Seattle.gov: Brief History of Seattle
King County: King County Medical Examiner's Annual Report (2018)
Serial Killer Shop: The 7 Most Depraved Washington State Serial Killers (And Current) (Gary Ridgway and Joe Turner, 16 Jul 2020)
Clark County Today.com: Forty-five years later, Warren Forrest charged with second murder (Chris Brown, 6 January 2020)
National Geographic: How science solved the mystery of feet washing ashore in the Pacific Northwest (Erika Engelhaupt, 15 March 2021)
Vox: The human feet that routinely wash ashore in the Pacific Northwest, explained (Umair Irfan, 11 Feb 2019)
British Columbia Coroner Services: Map of Salish Sea Feet
Washington State Department of Health: All Deaths - County and State Dashboards
King County: Overdose Deaths
Seattle Times: King County homeless deaths point to a difficult pandemic winter for people living outside (Sydney Brownstone; Published: March 26, 2021 | Updated April 9, 2021)
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
Join JET and Nic as they work their way through a few more important parts of forensic pathology for the anatomic pathology boards! Again, shout out to Dr. Jay Lefkowitch, for his Anatomic Pathology Board Review which we use as a foundation for this review. We cover the second half of the forensic pathology chapter here as well as some post-mortem chemistry!
Resources:
Anatomic Pathology Board Review (Jay Lefkowitch, 2nd edition, 2014)
ASCP Resident Review Course - Essentials of Forensic Pathology (Wendy Lavezzi, 2012)
Vertigo Treatment: Extra Alveolar Air Syndrome (last updated:18 Dec 2020)
Forensic Medicine for Medical Students: Postmortem Biochemistry
Kawasumi Y, Usui A, Hosokai Y, Sato M, Funayama M. Heat haematoma: post-mortem computed tomography findings. Clin Radiol. 2013 Feb;68(2):e95-7
WikiHow: How to Calculate Blood Alcohol Content (Widmark Formula)
Wikipedia: Standard Drink
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
Misery loves company, so join JET and Nic as they use the pod as an excuse to recap a potpourri of fun (and board relevant) forensics facts! Huge shoutout to Dr. Jay Lefkowitch, whose Anatomic Pathology Board Review we use as the foundation for this review. This episode covers the learning issues from questions 1-26 of the forensic pathology section. Tune in next episode for the salient points for questions 27-50.
Resources:
Anatomic Pathology Board Review (Jay Lefkowitch, 2nd edition, 2014)
ASCP Resident Review Course - Essentials of Forensic Pathology (Wendy Lavezzi, 2012)
Pathology Expert (Judy Melinek): Gunshot wounds
Popular Mechanics: A Guide to Every Type of Gun - A primer on how guns work and how to use them safely (Kyle Mizokami; 24 Dec 2020)
Merck Manual: Body Packing and Body Stuffing (Gerald F. O’Malley and Rika O’Malley; last full review/revision May 2020
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
It's the perfect time of year to go skiing right? Take a listen first to learn all about various winter sports deaths. Hint - wear a helmet and don't be dumb! And are you wondering what snurfing is? Listen in to find out!
Resources:
CNN: Danger on the slopes: Are winter sports safe? (Paul Gittings; Updated: 14 January 2013)
National Ski Areas Association (NSAA) Fact Sheet: Facts About Skiing/Snowboarding
Pierz JJ. Snowmobile injuries in North America. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003 Apr;(409):29-36
Insurance Information Institute: Facts + Statistics: Sports injuries
Denver Post: Skier fatalities: Myths about who dies, and where, debunked (Chryss Cada; Updated 28 Jan 2017)
International Skiing History Association: A Short History of Skis
Free the Powder: History of Snowboarding
Wall Street Journal: A Brief History of Sledding (Amanda Foreman; 23 Feb 2017)
CBC Sports: Olympic skeleton rider killed in freak training accident (updated: 29 October 2001)
Straka L, Janik M, Novomesky F, Stuller F, Zubor P, Hejna P. Snow groomer vehicle-related fatality: an illustrative case study of the importance of medicolegal involvement. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2013 Sep;34(3):181-4
Los Angeles Times: Austrian Ski Team’s Doctor Killed in Ski Accident (United Press International; 26 Feb 1988)
Prahlow SP, Renner A, Grande AJ, deJong J, Prahlow JA. Recreational Sporting Activity Vehicle-Related Deaths. J Forensic Sci. 2018 Mar;63(2):460-468
Niedermeier M, Gatterer H, Pocecco E, Frühauf A, Faulhaber M, Menz V, Burtscher J, Posch M, Ruedl G, Burtscher M. Mortality in Different Mountain Sports Activities Primarily Practiced in the Winter Season-A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Dec 30;17(1):259
Wright JR Jr. Nordic ski jumping fatalities in the United States: a 50-year summary. J Trauma. 1988 Jun;28(6):848-51
Toronto Star: Falls and fatality have curlers thinking about head safety (Laura Armstrong; 7 Nov 2015)
Cummings RS et al. “Injuries in the Sport of Luge: Epidemiology and Analysis.” The American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 25, no. 4, July 1997, pp. 508–513
The Curling History Blog: “How many have drowned?” (3 July 2008)
Winter Sports Death Review: A Review of All Accidental Skiing, Snowboarding and Tobogganing Deaths in Ontario from January 1, 1991 to December 31, 2012 (Office of the Chief Coroner Province of Ontario; December 2015)
Sharma S, Blagrave K, Watson SR, O'Reilly CM, Batt R, Magnuson JJ, Clemens T, Denfeld BA, Flaim G, Grinberga L, Hori Y, Laas A, Knoll LB, Straile D, Takamura N, Weyhenmeyer GA. Increased winter drownings in ice-covered regions with warmer winters. PLoS One. 2020 Nov 18;15(11):e0241222
Newsday: Bill Masterton’s death 50 years ago remains the NHL’s worst moment (Steven Marcus; 13 Jan 2018)
DailyMail: Ten-year-old ice skating star collapsed and died on the rink in front of his mother just seconds after giving her he thumbs-up (Bridie Pearson-Jones; 4 May 2018)
NBC Sports: Skating colleagues remember Sergei Grinkov, 25 years after his death (Lynn Rutherford; 20 Nov 2020)
Associated Press: Iditarod board approves rule changes for dog deaths in race (9 June 2018)
Britannica: Ice skating
Gatterer H, Niedermeier M, Pocecco E, Frühauf A, Faulhaber M, Menz V, Burtscher J, Posch M, Ruedl G, Burtscher M. Mortality in Different Mountain Sports Activities Primarily Practiced in the Summer Season-A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Oct 15;16(20):3920
Pierz JJ. Snowmobile injuries in North America. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003 Apr;(409):29-36
Vermont Legislative Research Shop: Snowmobile Safety Regulations
Popular Science: The Olympic sport most likely to kill you (Erin Blakemore; 23 February 2018)
Wikipedia:
ABC News: Natasha Richardson Died of Epidural Hematoma After Skiing Accident (Sheila Marikar; 17 March 2009)
NCBI Stat Pearls: Epidural Hematoma
San Francisco Chronicle: Backcountry skier dies in avalanche in California's far north (Gregory Thomas; updated: 10 Feb 2021)
CNN: At least 15 people died in avalanches last week, the deadliest week of US avalanches on record (Artemis Moshtaghian, Scottie Andrew, Alta Spells and Joe Sutton; updated 9 February 2021)
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic discuss the history, epidemiology, and mechanism of death by electrocution! Special stories include the jolting creation of the electric chair and an unsolved mystery involving homicide by amperage.
Resources:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Worker Deaths by Electrocution: A Summary of NIOSH Surveillance and Investigative Findings
Di Maio, Vincent J. M., Dominick J. Forensic Pathology. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2001. Print.
Crime+Investigation: The Strange and Gruesome History of the Electric Chair
The New York Times: Why This Inmate Chose the Electric Chair Over Lethal Injection (Rick Rojas; 19 Feb 2020)
Mondello C, Micali A, Cardia L, Argo A, Zerbo S, Spagnolo EV. Forensic tools for the diagnosis of electrocution death: Case study and literature review. Med Leg J. 2018 Jun;86(2):89-93
Giri, S., Waghmode, A. & Tumram, N.K. Study of different facets of electrocution deaths: a 5-year review. Egypt J Forensic Sci 9, 1 (2019)
Taylor AJ, McGwin G Jr, Valent F, Rue LW 3rd. Fatal occupational electrocutions in the United States. Inj Prev. 2002 Dec;8(4):306-12
Massey, BrittaniK & Sait, MohammedA & Johnson, WilliamL & Ripple, Mary & Fowler, DavidR & Li, Ling. (2018). Deaths due to electrocution: An evaluation of death scene investigations and autopsy findings. Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine. 4. 179. 10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_57_18
The Age: Police still hope to close case on 1970 murder of mother and children (Carolyn Webb; 1 July 2020)
Forensics and Florals: Familicide- Loving Your Family Too Much Or Not Enough: The Crawford Family Murders (Alyssa Gore; 27 April 2020)
Murderpedia: Crawford, Elmer
Wikipedia:
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
We all know 2020 was the worst, but how bad was it for the mortality rate, what were the leading causes of death, and who died in 2020 again? Listen in for a summary of the deaths that happened in 2020. At least it's behind us now!
Resources:
Curiouswriter.com: A Timeline List of Crazy 2020 Events
Mashable: 58 things you probably forgot happened in 2020 (Jess Joho; 21 Dec 2020)
World Health Organization (WHO):
New Ebola outbreak detected in northwest Democratic Republic of the Congo; WHO surge team supporting the response (1 June 2020)
11th Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo declared over (18 November 2020)
Ebola virus disease (10 February 2020)
Huffpost: What Actually Happens When A Person Is Infected With The Ebola Virus (Amanda L. Chan; updated: 6 Dec 2017)
The New York Times:
What to Know About the Death of Iranian General Suleimani (Karen Zraick; updated: 9 July 2020)
What to Know About Breonna Taylor’s Death (Richard A. Oppel Jr., Derrick Bryson Taylor and Nicholas Bogel-Burroughs; 6 Jan 2021)
The Bureau of Investigative Journalism: Human Rights – Drone Warfare
Center for Disaster Philanthropy: 2019-2020 Australian Bushfires (September 9, 2019)
ABC News: Fog may have disoriented pilot in helicopter crash that killed Kobe Bryant, 8 others: NTSB (Kelly McCarthy and Alex Stone; 17 June 2020)
npr: Kyle Rittenhouse, Accused In Kenosha Shootings, Pleads Not Guilty To All Charges (Brakkton Booker; 5 Jan 2021)
Washington Post: No charges to be filed against Kenosha police officer who shot Jacob Blake (Mark Guarino, Mark Berman and Kim Bellware; 5 Jan 2021)
Associated Press: US deaths in 2020 top 3 million, by far most ever counted (Mike Stobbe; 22 Dec 2020)
BBC
Future Planet: The Biblical locust plagues of 2020 (David Njagi; 6 August 2020)
News: Ahmaud Arbery: What do we know about the case? (5 June 2020)
The Atlantic: Forest Fires Are Setting Chernobyl’s Radiation Free (Jane Braxton Little; 10 Aug 2020)
Statistica: Number of people shot to death by the police in the United States from 2017 to 2020, by race
Al Jazeera: Know Their Names - Black People Killed by Police Officers in the US
Officer Down Memorial Page: Honoring Officers Killed in 2020
Buzzfeed News: The Victims Of Canada's Worst Mass Shooting Include A Veteran Mountie, A Family Of Three, And A Teacher (Emmanuel Felton; 20 April 2020)
Woolf SH, Chapman DA, Lee JH. COVID-19 as the Leading Cause of Death in the United States. JAMA. Published online December 17, 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.24865
Kosten TR, Petrakis IL. The Hidden Epidemic of Opioid Overdoses During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. JAMA Psychiatry. Published online December 30, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4148
Google: Coronavirus disease stats
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Daily Updates of Totals by Week and State - Provisional Death Counts for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
USA Facts: Top causes of death in the United States: Heart disease, cancer and COVID-19 (updated 23 Dec 2020)
ScienceNews: More ‘murder hornets’ are turning up. Here’s what you need to know (Susan Milius; 29 May 2020)
MedPage Today: Little Richard Dies of Bone Cancer (Michele R. Berman and Mark S. Boguski; 26 May 2020)
The Guardian: California's wildfire hell: how 2020 became the state's worst ever fire season (30 Dec 2020)
NBC News: A plague amid a pandemic: East Africa, West Asia combat surging locust outbreak (Linda Givetash; 22 June 2020)
Wikipedia:
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic discuss the truths, myths, and hypotheses about death spikes around the holidays.
WARNING: Suicide is discussed during this episode! If you or someone you love is struggling with suicidal thoughts, please get help from health care professionals near you or by calling the Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255. Don't end up on the autopsy table before your time!
Resources:
Phillips D, Barker GE, Brewer KM. Christmas and New Year as risk factors for death. Soc Sci Med. 2010 Oct;71(8):1463-71. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.07.024. Epub 2010 Aug 5
Scientific American: Why Heart-Related Deaths Spike around Holidays (Lisa Rapaport on 28 Dec 2016
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Violence Prevention: Holiday Suicides: Fact or Myth?
Lenti MV, Klersy C, Brera AS, Musella V, Benedetti I, Padovini L, Ciola M, Croce G, Ballesio A, Gorgone MF, Bertolino G, Di Sabatino A, Corazza GR. Clinical complexity and hospital admissions in the December holiday period. PLoS One. 2020 Jun 11;15(6):e0234112
Eagle K. Hypothesis: holiday sudden cardiac death: food and alcohol inhibition of SULT1A enzymes as a precipitant. J Appl Toxicol. 2012 Oct;32(10):751-5. doi: 10.1002/jat.2764. Epub 2012 Jun 8
Phillips DP, Jarvinen JR, Abramson IS, Phillips RR. Cardiac mortality is higher around Christmas and New Year's than at any other time: the holidays as a risk factor for death. Circulation. 2004 Dec 21;110(25):3781-8
Jahromi MG, Goudarzi R, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Amini S, Nazari J, Amiresmaili M. Effect of new year holidays on hospital mortality: a time series study. Int J Emerg Med. 2019 Aug 27;12(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s12245-019-0243-x
Knight J, Schilling C, Barnett A, Jackson R, Clarke P. Revisiting the "Christmas Holiday Effect" in the Southern Hemisphere. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 Dec 22;5(12):e005098
Mohammad MA, Karlsson S, Haddad J, Cederberg B, Jernberg T, Lindahl B et al. Christmas, national holidays, sport events, and time factors as triggers of acute myocardial infarction: SWEDEHEART observational study 1998-2013. BMJ 2018; 363 :k4811
Medenwald D, Kuss O. Deaths and major biographical events: a study of all cancer deaths in Germany from 1995 to 2009. BMJ Open. 2014 Apr 2;4(4):e004423. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004423
Jahromi MG, Goudarzi R, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Amini S, Nazari J, Amiresmaili M. Effect of new year holidays on hospital mortality: a time series study. Int J Emerg Med. 2019 Aug 27;12(1):20
Hadlaczky G, Hökby S. Increased suicides during new year, but not during Christmas in Sweden: analysis of cause of death data 2006-2015. Nord J Psychiatry. 2018 Jan;72(1):72-74. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2017.1378716. Epub 2017 Sep 22
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
Join JET and Nic as we discuss motor vehicle collisions, from why they happen to what happens after, and, of course, how you die from them. Long story short, please don't drink (or text) and drive!
Resources:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Beck LF, Downs J, Stevens MR, Sauber-Schatz EK. Rural and Urban Differences in Passenger-Vehicle–Occupant Deaths and Seat Belt Use Among Adults — United States, 2014. MMWR Surveill Summ 2017;66(No. SS-17):1–13
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
Traffic Safety Facts Research Note: Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Crash Fatalities for the Holiday Periods of 2019
Di Maio VJM, and Di Maio DJ. Forensic Pathology. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2001.
NASA: Newton’s Laws of Motion
Atlas of Forensic Pathology (J.A. Prahlow and R.W. Byard)
Li MC, Brady JE, DiMaggio CJ, Lusardi AR, Tzong KY, Li G. Marijuana use and motor vehicle crashes. Epidemiol Rev. 2012;34(1):65-72. doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxr017. Epub 2011 Oct 4
HG.org: Fatal Car Accidents Involving Marijuana Have Tripled in U.S. (Ankin Law Office LLC)
Medscape: Forensic Investigation - Motor Vehicle Accidents and Motor Vehicle-Pedestrian Accidents (Jonathan R Lucas; updated: 25 Jan 2015)
Charles E. Black, Automobile Accidents and Autopsy Protocol: Some Reflections of a Forensic Pathologist, 36 Notre Dame L. Rev. 17 (1960)
Harle L. Motor vehicle deaths. PathologyOutlines.com website . Accessed December 10th, 2020.
Wikipedia: Traffic Collision and Airbag
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
Join JET and Nic as they explore the ways you can eat yourself to death. Do you know how much your stomach can hold?
Resources:
History.com: Thanksgiving 2020 (History.com Editors; updated: 24 November 2020)
di Luca A, Ricci E, Grassi VM, Arena V, Oliva A. An Exceptional Case of Acute Respiratory Failure Caused by Intra-Thoracic Gastric Perforation Secondary to Overeating. J Forensic Sci. 2019 Jan;64(1):292-294
Kimura A, Masuda N, Haga N, Ito T, Otsuka K, Takita J, Satomura H, Kumakura Y, Kato H, Kuwano H. Gastrojejunostomy for pyloric stenosis after acute gastric dilatation due to overeating. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Feb 7;21(5):1670-4
Tastemade: 5 People Who Ate Themselves To Death (Ross Gardiner; 22 Jan 2016)
Salon: Unhappy Meal (Mary Roach; 3 Dec 1999)
Gizmodo: Can You Eat So Much That You Die? (Daniel Kolitz; 1 Jan 2018)
Ranker: What Happens to Your Body When You Eat Yourself To Death (Laura Allan; updated 14 June 2019)
GBD 2017 Diet Collaborators. Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2019 May 11;393(10184):1958-1972
USA Today: One in five people are eating themselves to an early death: Global study (Ashley May; 3 April 2019)
Salud America! - Study: Unhealthy Eating Is Top Risk for Early Death in U.S. (Cliff Despres; 25 April 2018)
Daily Mail: The woman who ate herself to death (Mark Duell; 13 July 2015)
Butler MG, Manzardo AM, Heinemann J, Loker C, Loker J. Causes of death in Prader-Willi syndrome: Prader-Willi Syndrome Association (USA) 40-year mortality survey. Genet Med. 2017 Jun;19(6):635-642
Prader-Willi Syndrome Association - Eating Themselves to Death: Have “Personal Rights” Gone Too Far in Treating People With PWS? (Dykens EM at al; 6 Oct 2005)
Independent: Man dies after eating 41 eggs for bet with friend (Chiara Giordano; 5 November 2019)
The U.S. Sun: Man collapses and dies after eating 41 eggs for £22 bet with friend in India (Guy Birchall; 5 Nov 2019)
Murrell TG, Walker PD. The pigbel story of Papua New Guinea. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1991 Jan-Feb;85(1):119-22
Gui L, Subramony C, Fratkin J, Hughson MD. Fatal enteritis necroticans (pigbel) in a diabetic adult. Mod Pathol. 2002 Jan;15(1):66-70
Wikipedia: Competitive Eating
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
In honor of Veterans Day, JET and Nic discuss the lives (and deaths) of US military veterans; including special interviews with our fathers. Thank you for your service! WARNING: Suicide is discussed during the episode. If you or someone you love is struggling with suicidal thoughts, please get help from health care professionals near you or by calling the Suicide Prevention Lifeline/Veterans Crisis Line (Press 1) at 1-800-273-8255. Don't end up on the autopsy table before your time!
Resources:
Department of Veterans Affairs - National Center for Veterans Analysis and Statistics: Mortality Rates and Life Expectancy of Veterans from 1980 to 2014, and by Education and Income (April 2017)
LeBlanc MR, Clifford CP, Lathrop SL. Evaluation of Non-Natural Deaths among Veterans: New Mexico Medical Examiner-Investigated Deaths, 2002-2011. J Forensic Sci. 2017 May;62(3):668-673
Schinka JA, Leventhal KC, Lapcevic WA, Casey R. Mortality and Cause of Death in Younger Homeless Veterans. Public Health Rep. 2018 Mar/Apr;133(2):177-181
Kang HK, Bullman TA. Mortality among US veterans of the Persian Gulf War: 7-year follow-up. Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Sep 1;154(5):399-405
Barth SK, Kang HK, Bullman T. All-Cause Mortality Among US Veterans of the Persian Gulf War: 13-Year Follow-up. Public Health Rep. 2016 Nov;131(6):822-830
Cypel Y, Kang H. Mortality patterns of Army Chemical Corps veterans who were occupationally exposed to herbicides in Vietnam. Ann Epidemiol. 2010 May;20(5):339-46
Maynard C, Trivedi R, Nelson K, Fihn SD. Disability Rating, Age at Death, and Cause of Death in U.S. Veterans with Service-Connected Conditions. Mil Med. 2018 Nov 1;183(11-12):e371-e376
Forehand JA, Peltzman T, Westgate CL, Riblet NB, Watts BV, Shiner B. Causes of Excess Mortality in Veterans Treated for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Am J Prev Med. 2019 Aug;57(2):145-152
Martz E, Jelleberg C, Dougherty DD, Wolters C, Schneiderman A. Tinnitus, Depression, Anxiety, and Suicide in Recent Veterans: A Retrospective Analysis. Ear Hear. 2018 Nov/Dec;39(6):1046-1056
PREVENTS: President's Roadmap to Empower Veterans and End a National Tragedy of Suicide
Moyo P, Zhao X, Thorpe CT, Thorpe JM, Sileanu FE, Cashy JP, Hale JA, Mor MK, Radomski TR, Donohue JM, Hausmann LRM, Hanlon JT, Good CB, Fine MJ, Gellad WF. Patterns of opioid prescriptions received prior to unintentional prescription opioid overdose death among Veterans. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2019 Aug;15(8):1007-1013
Bohnert KM, Ilgen MA, Louzon S, McCarthy JF, Katz IR. Substance use disorders and the risk of suicide mortality among men and women in the US Veterans Health Administration. Addiction. 2017 Jul;112(7):1193-1201
Oliva EM, Bowe T, Manhapra A, Kertesz S, Hah JM, Henderson P, Robinson A, Paik M, Sandbrink F, Gordon AJ, Trafton JA. Associations between stopping prescriptions for opioids, length of opioid treatment, and overdose or suicide deaths in US veterans: observational evaluation. BMJ. 2020 Mar 4;368:m283
Lakis N, Corona RJ, Toshkezi G, Chin LS. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy - neuropathology in athletes and war veterans. Neurol Res. 2013 Apr;35(3):290-9
Rabadi MH, Mayanna SK, Vincent AS. Predictors of mortality in veterans with traumatic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2013 Oct;51(10):784-8. doi: 10.1038/sc.2013.77. Epub 2013 Jul 30
Adena MA, Cobbin DM, Fett MJ, Forcier L, Hudson HM, Long AA, Nairn JR, O'Toole BI. Mortality among Vietnam veterans compared with non-veterans and the Australian population. Med J Aust. 1985 Dec 9-23;143(12-13):541-4
Landes, S.D., London, A.S. & Wilmoth, J.M. Mortality Among Veterans and Non-veterans: Does Type of Health Care Coverage Matter?. Popul Res Policy Rev 37, 517–537 (2018)
Landes SD, London AS, Wilmoth JM. Service-Connected Disability and the Veteran Mortality Disadvantage. Armed Forces & Society. November 2019
Wong MS, Hoggatt KJ, Steers WN, Frayne SM, Huynh AK, Yano EM, Saechao FS, Ziaeian B, Washington DL. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Mortality Across the Veterans Health Administration. Health Equity. 2019 Apr 8;3(1):99-108
Sheehan CM, Hayward MD. Black/white differences in mortality among veteran and non-veteran males. Soc Sci Res. 2019 Mar;79:101-114. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.02.006. Epub 2019 Feb 15
History.com: Agent Orange (2 Aug 2011; updated: 16 May 2019 - History.com Editors)
Yi SW, Ryu SY, Ohrr H, Hong JS. Agent Orange exposure and risk of death in Korean Vietnam veterans: Korean Veterans Health Study. Int J Epidemiol. 2014 Dec;43(6):1825-34
Mayo Clinic: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Wikipedia:
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic dive into some of the goriest Halloween decorations - actual dead bodies! Follow along as we talk about some real-life cases of mistaken dead body identity.
WARNING: Suicide is discussed during the episode. If you or someone you love is struggling with suicidal ideation, please get help from health care professionals near you or by calling the Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255. Don't end up on the autopsy table before your time!
Resources:
History: Halloween 2020 (History.com Editors; posted 18 Nov 2009; and updated 6 Oct 2020)
Halloween Decorating Hasn’t Been Around As Long As You Think (Nancy Mitchell; 8 Oct 2017)
Halloween Express: Fun Facts And The History Of Halloween Decorations (3 June 2018)
Time: Woman's Dead Body Mistaken for Halloween Decorations (Maya Rhodan; 15 Oct 2015)
How Stuff Works: Yes, Real Human Corpses Have Been Mistaken for Halloween Décor (Chris Opfer)
WBOC: Body Hanging from Tree Mistaken for Halloween Decoration (27 Oct 2005)
New York Times: Body Is Mistaken for a Halloween Display (Rebecca Cathcart; 17 Oct 2009)
ABC News: Bus driver stabbed to death by hitmen outside home in murder-for-hire plot allegedly planned by ex-roommate (Jon Haworth (26 Sept 2019)
The Daily Beast: Neighbors Mistake Fatally Stabbed Man for Porch Halloween Decoration: Report (Jamie Ross; 26 Sept 2019)
ABC News: Dead Ohio woman's body mistaken for Halloween decoration (16 Oct 2015)
ABC News: Mailman Mistakes Corpse on Porch For Halloween Display (Colleen Curry; 9 Nov 2012)
LA Times: Neighbors thought dead man’s body was part of Halloween display (Seema Mehta and Martha Groves; 17 Oct 2009)
Tampa Bay Times: Mistaking body for mannequin, workers toss it in a Dumpster (Kathryn Varn; 17 July 2014)
Snopes: Was a Suicide Mistaken for Halloween Decoration? (David Mikkelson; 28 Oct 2005)
Daily News: Murdered Ohio woman’s body found hanging on fence mistaken for Halloween decoration (Nina Golgowski; 15 Oct 2015)
WJLA: Murdered woman hanging from fence mistaken for Halloween decoration (WKRC/WSYX/Sinclair Broadcast Group; 15 Oct 2015)
ABC News: Frightening Accident at St. Louis Haunted House (Barbara Pinto; 31 October 2011)
Daily News: Teen caught in noose doesn’t remember haunted house horror at Creepyworld (Victoria Cavaliere; 16 Oct 2012)
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic walk listeners through the journey to becoming a forensic pathologist, from high school to fellowship and all the trials and tribulations between.
Resources:
Atlas of Forensic Pathology (J.A. Prahlow and R.W. Byard)
American Medical Association (AMA):
DO vs. MD: How much does the medical school degree type matter? (Brendan Murphy, 26 September 2019)
PREPARING FOR MEDICAL SCHOOL: Pre-med glossary guide
Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC):
NBME: United States Medical Licensing Examination® (USMLE®) Fees
The American Board of Pathology: Examination Dates, Deadlines & Fees
Medscape Pathologist Lifestyle Report 2017: Race and Ethnicity, Bias and Burnout (Carol Peckham, 11 January 2017)
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
Join JET and Nic as we go limb by limb through dismemberment, from some interesting history to the forensic pathologist's role in the investigation to a couple of crazy stories!
Resources:
Criminal Dismemberment: Forensic and Investigative Analysis. Edited by Sue Black, Guy Rutty, Sarah Hainsworth, and Grant Thomson. CRC Press. New York 2017 by Taylor & Francis Group.
Di Nunno N, Costantinides F, Vacca M, Di Nunno C. Dismemberment: a review of the literature and description of 3 cases. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2006 Dec;27(4):307-12
Porta D, Amadasi A, Cappella A, et al. Dismemberment and disarticulation: A forensic anthropological approach. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Volume 38, 2016, Pages 50-57, ISSN 1752-928X
Dogan KH, Demirci S, Deniz I, Erkol Z. Decapitation and dismemberment of the corpse: a matricide case. J Forensic Sci. 2010 Mar 1;55(2):542-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01266.x. Epub 2010 Jan 11
Byard RW, Gilbert JD. Characteristic features of deaths due to decapitation. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2004 Jun;25(2):129-30
Skeletal trauma analysis: Case studies in context [1-118-38422-9; 1-118-38419-9] Passalacqua, Nicholas V. yr:2015 - Chapter 17: Three modes of dismemberment: disarticulation around the joints, transection of bone via chopping, and transection of bone via sawing
All That’s Interesting: How Serial Killer Leonarda Cianciulli Made Her Victims Into Soap And Teacakes (Katie Serena; published January 29, 2018 and updated July 24, 2020)
Murderpedia: Tamara Samsonova
Emadion: Tamara Samsonova, the Granny Ripper (Lilith; 22 Sept 2019)
Bugged Space: The Granny Ripper— Tamara Samsonova (23 Dec 2019)
Wikipedia:
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
Since most people are bound to their current location by the global pandemic, JET and Nic have decided to take a whirlwind tour around the world by comparing the medicolegal death investigation systems of different countries.
Resources:
The Global Practice of Forensic Science (Editor Douglas H. Ubelaker; first published: 26 December 2014)
Gov.UK Guidance:
The Association of Clinical Pathologists: Forensic & Autopsy Pathology
Bockholdt B, Rothschild MA, Ehrlich E, Maxeiner H, Schneider V. Medical studies and training duration for forensic pathologists in Germany. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2001;3(2):104-108
Di Vella, Giancarlo & Campobasso, Carlo. (2015). Death Investigation and Certification in Italy. Academic Forensic Pathology. 5. 454-461
Al-Waheeb S, Al-Kandary N, Aljerian K. Forensic autopsy practice in the Middle East: comparisons with the west. J Forensic Leg Med. 2015;32:4-9
The Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia: Australian Pathologist Workforce 2018 Forensic Pathology
Sergeyev Y.D., Erofeev S.V. (2013) Forensic Medicine and Medical Law in Modern Russia. In: Beran R. (eds) Legal and Forensic Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Kalougivaki J. Medico-Legal Death Investigation Systems in the Pacific and Creating a Stronger Pacific Disaster Victim Identification Network. J Forensic Res 2015, 6:1
University of Copenhagen Department of Forensic Medicine: SURVIVE - Let the dead help the living
Peng, Zhang; Pounder, Derrick J. Forensic Medicine in China, The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology: December 1998 - Volume 19 - Issue 4 - p 368-371
Education and securing talent for forensic pathologists in Japan: Investigation system for cause of death and elderly society in Japan (Shin-ichi Kubo)
New Zealand Harold - Twelve Questions with forensic pathologist Simon Stables: The case of the handless body (Jennifer Dann, 22 May 2018)
Wikipedia: Forensic Pathology
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic discuss how a death scene gets processed and some of the unique challenges death investigators face.
Resources:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Death Investigation Systems
US Department of Justice - Death Investigation: A Guide for the Scene Investigator
Committee for the Workshop on the Medicolegal Death Investigation System - Medicolegal Death Investigation System: Workshop Summary
Vice - Postmortem: The Life and Deaths of a Medicolegal Death Investigator by: Joseph Scott Morgan (September 3, 2014)
IACME Position Paper: Coroners and Medicolegal Death Investigators (MDI) Should be Designated First Responders
NAME Position Paper: ME/C Personnel as First Responders
Brondolo E, Eftekharzadeh P, Clifton C, Schwartz JE, Delahanty D. Work-related trauma, alienation, and posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in medical examiner employees. Psychol Trauma. 2018;10(6):689-697
Flannery RB Jr, Greenhalgh T. Coroners and PTSD: Treatment Implications. Psychiatr Q. 2018;89(4):765-770
Coleman JA, Delahanty DL, Schwartz J, Murani K, Brondolo E. The moderating impact of interacting with distressed families of decedents on trauma exposure in medical examiner personnel. Psychol Trauma. 2016;8(6):668-675
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic join a stellar line-up of pathology/science podcasters in a megapod crossover! We discuss the ups and downs of podcasting whilst getting to know each other on a deeper level #PathologyPuns
Podcasts featured in this episode:
Deeper Levels hosted by Dr. Natalie Banet
ScopeMD hosted by Dr. Lori Ryan
The PathPod hosted by Drs. Sara Jiang, Christina and Michael Arnold, and Kamran Mirza
Computationally Yours hosted by Arshi Arora and Dr. Sabah Kadri
People of Pathology Podcast hosted by PA Dennis Strenk
Dead Men Do Tell Tales hosted by yours truly, JET and Nic
JET and Nic discuss the epidemiology of homelessness and the role of ME/Cs in investigating and preventing death in this unique population.
Resources:
National Alliance to End Homelessness: State of Homelessness: 2020 Edition
Mosites E, Parker EM, Clarke KE, et al. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Prevalence in Homeless Shelters — Four U.S. Cities, March 27–April 15, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:521–522
The Council of Economic Advisers - September 2019: The State of Homelessness in America
Maxmen, Amy. Coronavirus is spreading under the radar in US homeless shelters. Nature 2020;581:129-130
National Health Care for the Homeless Council: Homeless Persons’ Memorial Day, 2006 - The Hard, Cold Facts About the Deaths of Homeless People
Slockers MT, Nusselder WJ, Rietjens J, van Beeck EF. Unnatural death: a major but largely preventable cause-of-death among homeless people?. Eur J Public Health. 2018;28(2):248-252
Roncarati JS, Baggett TP, O’Connell JJ, et al. Mortality Among Unsheltered Homeless Adults in Boston, Massachusetts, 2000-2009. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(9):1242–1248
Romaszko J, Cymes I, Dragańska E, Kuchta R, Glińska-Lewczuk K. Mortality among the homeless: Causes and meteorological relationships. PLoS One. 2017 Dec 21;12(12):e0189938
Aldridge RW, Menezes D, Lewer D, et al. Causes of death among homeless people: a population-based cross-sectional study of linked hospitalisation and mortality data in England. Wellcome Open Res. 2019;4:49. Published 2019 Mar 11
Hessol NA, Eng M, Vu A, Pipkin S, Hsu LC, Scheer S. A longitudinal study assessing differences in causes of death among housed and homeless people diagnosed with HIV in San Francisco. BMC Public Health. 2019 Nov 1;19(1):1440
Baggett TP, Liauw SS, Hwang SW. Cardiovascular Disease and Homelessness. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(22):2585-2597
King County: Medical Examiner's Office-investigated deaths among people living homeless
Schinka JA, Leventhal KC, Lapcevic WA, Casey R. Mortality and Cause of Death in Younger Homeless Veterans. Public Health Rep. 2018 Mar/Apr;133(2):177-181
Centers for Disease Control (CDC): FastStats – Life Expectancy
Institute of Global Homelessess Hub: Understanding Homelessness
Shelton KH, Taylor PJ, Bonner A, van den Bree M. Risk factors for homelessness: evidence from a population-based study. Psychiatr Serv. 2009;60(4):465-472
Murderpedia: Joshua Rudiger
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation - News Release: California Health Care Facility in Stockton Investigating Inmate Death as a Homicide (June 1, 2020)
Get Involved:
Coalition on Homelessness: SF-based advocacy group that organizes homeless people and front line service providers to create permanent solutions to homelessness, while working to protect the human rights of those forced to remain on the streets
SF Homeless Project: a directory of nonprofit groups that need donations of specific items or volunteer help (curated by the San Francisco Chronicle)
National Alliance to End Homelessness: nonpartisan, nonprofit organization committed to preventing and ending homelessness in the United States
Homeless World Cup Foundation: pioneering charity which uses football (American soccer) to inspire people who are homeless to change their own lives
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
Listen in as JET and Nic discuss child death review boards and how medical examiners help prevent future deaths in children!
Resources:
Quinton RA. Child Death Review: Past, Present, and Future. Acad Forensic Pathol. 2017 Dec;7(4):527-535
Webster RA, Schnitzer PG, Jenny C, Ewigman BG, Alario AJ. Child death review. The state of the nation. Am J Prev Med. 2003;25(1):58-64
OJDDP Fact Sheet: The National Center on Child Fatality Review (John Langstaff and Tish Sleeper)
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): Child Death Review
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
SPOILER ALERT: JET and Nic watch The Autopsy of Jane Doe and comment on the legitimacy of the forensic pathology side of things - and enjoy the supernatural side as well!
If you have access to Netflix, be sure to watch the movie before you listen!
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic discuss in-custody death with an in-depth analysis of the controversies surrounding George Floyd's autopsy report. #BLM
Resources:
Peeples L. What the data say about police brutality and racial bias - and which reforms might work. Nature. 2020;583(7814):22-24
Peeples L. What the data say about police shootings. Nature. 2019;573(7772):24-26
National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) Best Practices in Medicolegal Data Collection (Prepared by the National Association of Medical Examiners ad hoc Data Committee; September, 2014)
Mitchell, R. A. et al. National Association of Medical Examiners Position Paper: Recommendations for the Definition, Investigation, Postmortem Examination, and Reporting of Deaths in Custody. Academic Forensic Pathology. 2017;7(4):604–618
Centers for Disease Control (CDC): FastStats: Deaths and Mortality
The Guardian: How America's broken autopsy system can mask police violence (Maanvi Singh; 2 July 2020)
Bureau of Justice Statistics:
Deaths in Custody Reporting Program: Deaths in Custody Statistical Tables (July 2010)
Mortality in State and Federal Prisons, 2001-2016 – Statistical Tables (Carson and Cowhig; February 2020)
Southall P, Grant J, Fowler D, Scott S. Police custody deaths in Maryland, USA: an examination of 45 cases. J Forensic Leg Med. 2008;15(4):227-230
Scientific American: George Floyd’s Autopsy and the Structural Gaslighting of America (Ann Crawford-Roberts, Sonya Shadravan, Jennifer Tsai, Nicolás E. Barceló, Allie Gips, Michael Mensah, Nichole Roxas, Alina Kung, Anna Darby, Naya Misa, Isabella Morton, Alice Shen; 6 June 2020)
The Washington Post: Want police reform? We need independent medical examiners and coroners (Justin Feldman; 2 June 2020)
Feldman, Justin & Gruskin, Sofia & Coull, Brent & Krieger, Nancy. (2017). Quantifying underreporting of law-enforcement-related deaths in United States vital statistics and news-media-based data sources: A capture–recapture analysis. PLOS Medicine. 14. e1002399. 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002399
The Daily Social Distancing Show: What Does It Mean to Defund or Abolish the Police?
American Public Health Association: Addressing Law Enforcement Violence as a Public Health Issue (13 November 2018)
Pew Research Center: The gap between the number of blacks and whites in prison is shrinking (John Gramlich; 30 April 2019)
Wikipedia: Death in Custody
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic are joined by forensic anthropologist Dr. Janna Andronowski! She provides an overview of the field and goes into detail about her research. Learn more about her work by visiting her lab’s website and/or following her on Twitter @AndronowskiLab!
Images mentioned during the episode can be found here
Don’t forget to check out the People of Pathology Podcast hosted by Pathologist’s Assistant Dennis Strenk (Twitter)
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
Guys, we made it a whole year! Enjoy a few short tales of dumb ways people have died over the ages - from the time of the Vikings to modern-day "doing it for the 'gram"!
Resources:
Buzzfeed: 32 Incredibly Weird Deaths That Will Make You Glad To Be Alive (Tom Phillips; Jul 4, 2014)
Independent: Boy who 'wanted to smell good' killed by deodorant (29 October 1998)
BBC News: Health Deodorant obsession killed boy (October 29, 1998)
History, Art & Archives: United States House of Representatives - Historical Highlights: Representative Clement Vallandigham of Ohio
Forbes: The Epidemiologist Who Killed Himself For Science (Kiona N. Smith; Sep 25, 2017)
Snopes.com: Was a Man Killed by an Exploding Lava Lamp? (Snopes Staff; 12 May 2008)
Time: Rooster Kills Man With Knife. Seriously. (Erica Ho; Feb. 09, 2011)
BBC News: Man stabbed to death by cockfighting bird (8 February 2011)
Daily News: Segway company owner James 'Jimi' Heselden dies in England after riding a Segway off cliff (Michael Sheridan and Corky Siemaszko; Sept. 27, 2010)
History Collection: 16 Glorious Historical Figures with Inglorious Deaths
New York Post: Russian Instagram influencer’s birthday party leaves 3 dead after dry ice accident (Gabrielle Fonrouge; March 3, 2020)
Daily Mail: Dry ice thrown in swimming pool kills three and puts seven in intensive care at popular Russian Instagrammer's 29th birthday party (Will Stewart; 29 February 2020)
Dr. Bruce Mattson - Creighton University: History of Gas Chemistry
Wikipedia:
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
Join JET and Nic as they wander through the garden of poisonous plants and learn about some deadly outcomes. Special thanks to @artisticFlutter, @ForensicFeline, @doc_magni, @MaryMaynard59, and @bjmagnani for responding to our Tweet pre-episode Tweet!
Resources:
Wide Open Pets: Venom vs Poison vs Toxins: What's the Difference? (Stacey Venzel)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): Poisonous Plants
Gummin DD, Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Brooks DE, Beuhler MC, et al. 2018 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 36th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2019 Dec;57(12):1220-1413
Peden M, Oyegbite K, Ozanne-Smith J, et al., editors. World Report on Child Injury Prevention. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008. 6, Poisoning
Eddleston M, Persson H. Acute plant poisoning and antitoxin antibodies. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2003;41(3):309‐315
Quirk Books: 5 FANTASTIC, DEADLY, AND SOMETIMES RUDE FICTIONAL FLOWERS (Natasha Brandstatter; April 19, 2016)
Chemistry World: No mushroom for error (Raychelle Burks; 9 April 2020)
Pan American Health Organization: Epidemiological Bulletin (Vol. 22, No. 2 - June 2001)
Joskow R, Belson M, Vesper H, Backer L, Rubin C. Ackee fruit poisoning: an outbreak investigation in Haiti 2000-2001, and review of the literature. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2006;44(3):267‐273
Encyclopaedia Britannica: 7 of the World’s Deadliest Plants (Melissa Petruzzello)
Magni PA, Pazzi M, Vincenti M, Alladio E, Brandimarte M, Dadour IR. Development and validation of a GC-MS method for nicotine detection in Calliphora vomitoria (L.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Forensic Sci Int. 2016;261:53‐60
Wonderslist: Top 10 Most Poisonous Plants on Earth (Adriana John)
Ahn JY, Seok SJ, Song JE, Choi JH, Han SH, Choi JY, Kim CO, Song YG, Kim JM. Two Cases of Mushroom Poisoning by Podostroma Cornu-Damae. Yonsei Med J. 2013 Jan;54(1):265-268
Westword: Ten best fictional killer plants (Thorin Klowowski; April 21, 2011)
Wikipedia:
Lingzhi Mushroom
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic discuss intimate partner violence. Important resources: National Domestic Violence Hotline: 1-800-799-7233 or, if you’re unable to speak safely, you can log onto thehotline.org or text LOVEIS to 22522 or HOME to the Crisis Text Line at 741741.
Resources:
Centers for Disease Control (CDC): Intimate Partner Violence
World Health Organization (WHO): Intimate Partner Violence
Forbes: A Global Public Health Epidemic Going Completely Untreated: Intimate Partner Violence (Nicole Fisher; 8 April 2019)
Times: Here's Why Domestic Violence Kills So Many Women and Children in America (Madeleine Carlise and Melissa Chan; October 17, 2019)
Gelder et al. COVID-19: Reducing the risk of infection might increase the risk of intimate partner violence. Lancet. 2020 April 13; 100348.
Intimate Partner Violence and Child Abuse During COVID-19: When "shelter in place" at home is not safe (Kristen Fuller; Apr 13, 2020)
US Office on Women’s Health: Domestic or Intimate Partner Violence
Virginia Department of Public Health: Family and Intimate Partner Homicide Surveillance Project
Ertl A. Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 32 States, 2016. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2019 Oct 4; 68(9): 1–36.
Fridel EE and Fox JA. Gender Differences in Patterns and Trends in U.S. Homicide, 1976–2017. Violence and Gender. Mar 2019: 27-36.
The Daily Beast: Telling Amy’s Story: A Case Study in Domestic Violence (Roja Heydarpour; published 8 Dec 2010)
Daily Collegian: Man charged with wife's death (Lynne Funk; 12 Nov 2001)
Post-Gazette: Man found guilty of killing his wife, sentenced to life in prison without parole (Tom Gibb; 20 September 2002)
YouTube - Telling Amy’s Story: 15-minute Overview (wpsu; 12 November 2010)
New York Times: Murders by Intimate Partners Are on the Rise, Study Finds (Laura M. Holson; April 12, 2019)
Dawson M and Piscitelli A. Risk Factors in Domestic Homicides: Identifying Common Clusters in the Canadian Context. J Interpers Violence. 2017 Sep 1:886260517729404.
Pereira AR, Vieira DN, and Magalhães T. Fatal intimate partner violence against women in Portugal: a forensic medical national study. J Forensic Leg Med. 2013 Nov;20(8):1099-107.
Abrahams N et al. Intimate partner femicide in South Africa in 1999 and 2009. PLoS Med. 2013;10(4):e1001412.
Murderpedia: Shawn Windsor
Wikipedia:
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic are joined by Michael Multan, a pathology resident from Canada, to discuss sudden infant death syndrome. WARNING: infant death is discussed in this episode.
Resources:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Sudden Unexpected Infant Death and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
For Parents and Caregivers: Creating a Safe Sleep Area
American Academy of Pediatric (AAP): SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Updated 2016 Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Vaccines and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act: Vaccine Injury Table
Liebrechts-Akkerman G et al. Explaining sudden infant death with cardiac arrhythmias: Complete exon sequencing of nine cardiac arrhythmia genes in Dutch SIDS cases highlights new and known DNA variants. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2020 May;46:102266.
Rizzo S et al. A standardized postmortem protocol to assess the real burden of sudden infant death syndrome. Virchows Arch. 2020 Jan 23.
BBC News: Why Finnish babies sleep in cardboard boxes (Helena Lee, 4 June 2013)
International Society for the Study and Prevention of Perinatal and Infant Death
Unexplained Pediatric Deaths: Investigation, Certification and Family Needs - National Association of Medical Examiner's Panel on Sudden Unexpected Death in Pediatrics (Author), Elizabeth Bundock and Tracey Corey (Editor)
The National Center for Fatality Review and Prevention: Child Death Review Principles
CTV News: 'Undetermined': Why Canadian coroners have stopped using the term SIDS (CTVNews.ca Staff; April 5, 2017)
Government of Canada - Joint Statement on Safe Sleep: Preventing Sudden Infant Deaths in Canada
Moro PL et al. Deaths Reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, United States, 1997-2013. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Sep 15;61(6):980-7
Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS): About
Ndu IK. Sudden infant death syndrome: an unrecognized killer in developing countries. Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2016 Feb 3;7:1-4
Wikipedia: SIDS
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic jump on board the novel Coronavirus 2019/SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 train and discuss how the virus is impacting the workflow and caseload of medicolegal offices throughout the US.
Resources:
National Association of Medical Examiner’s Listserv (NAME-L)
World Health Organization (WHO) Q&A on Coronaviruses
International Association of Coroners and Medical Examiners (IACME) COVID-19 Webinar: April 8, 2020
UCSF COVID-19 DIGEST (E-mailed: 8 April 2020 by Cross-Campus Infectious Diseases COVID-19 Task Force)
Guarner J. Three Emerging Coronaviruses in Two Decades. Am J Clin Pathol. 2020 Mar 9;153(4):420-421
Johns Hopkins ABX Guide: Coronavirus COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) by Paul G. Auwaerter, M.D. [Updated: April 8, 2020]
Johns Hopkins ABX Guide: Coronavirus by Paul Auwaerter, M.D.
Xu Z et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Apr;8(4):420-422
Center for Disease Control Coronavirus (COVID-19) - Postmortem Specimen Collection
Fineschi V et al. Management of the corpse with suspect, probable or confirmed COVID-19 respiratory infection – Italian interim recommendations for personnel potentially exposed to material from corpses, including body fluids, in morgue structures and during autopsy practice. PATHOLOGICA Epub 2020 Mar 26
National Vital Statistics System (NVVS): Vital Statistics Reporting Guidance Report No. 3 - Guidance for Certifying Deaths Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID–19) [April 2020]
Xue Y et al. Perspectives on the death investigation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Forensic Science International: Synergy. 2020; 2:126-128
Press Release from the National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME) Re: Inquiries about COVID-19 | From: Sally S. Aiken, 2020 President James R. Gill, 2020 Vice President National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME)
Emerging Infectious Disease Primer (if you’re interesting in learning more about why these outbreaks happen and are likely to continue happening in the future):
Smith KF et al. 2014 Global rise in human infectious disease outbreaks. J.R.Soc. Interface11: 20140950
Vox: 4 Reasons Disease Outbreaks Are Erupting around the World by Julia Belluz (31 May 2016)
Johnson, C.K. et al. Spillover and pandemic properties of zoonotic viruses with high host plasticity. Sci. Rep. 5, 14830; doi: 10.1038/srep14830 (2015)
YouTube: Americapox: The Missing Plague by CGP Grey (23 November 2015)
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
In the final part of our Captain Planet-themed series (did you guess right?), JET and Nic discuss the ways that the heart can kill you all by itself (excluding all the things you can do to harm your heart). Sometimes the heart just doesn't want to keep stayin' alive.
Resources:
World Health Organization (WHO): Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs)
Startling these twins could put their hearts at risk (American Heart Association News - November 20, 2018)
Yow AG, Rajasurya V, Sharma S. Sudden Cardiac Death. [Updated 2019 Jul 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-.
Serinelli S, Arunkumar P, White S. Undiagnosed Congenital Heart Defects as a Cause of Sudden, Unexpected Death in Children. J Forensic Sci. 2018 Nov;63(6):1750-1755.
Rizzo S, Carturan E, De Gaspari M, Pilichou K, Thiene G, and Basso C. Update on cardiomyopathies and sudden cardiac death. Forensic Sci Res. 2019; 4(3): 202–210.
Basso et al. Guidelines for autopsy investigation of sudden cardiac death: 2017 update from the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology. Virchows Arch. 2017; 471(6): 691–705.
The San Diego Union-Tribune: 30 years ago today: Hank Gathers’ tragic death remembered (Ivan Carter; March 4, 2020)
The New York Times: No Trace of Heart Medication In Gathers, Autopsy Indicates (Lawrence K. Altman; March 16, 1990)
Los Angeles Times: Column: 25 years after it happened, Hank Gathers’ death still brings a shudder (Bill Dwrye; March 4, 2015)
Quartz: Young athletes are dropping dead at alarming rates—and it has nothing to do with concussions (Adam Epstein; December 23, 2015)
Wikipedia:
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
In part four of their Elements Series, JET and Nic discuss how water (or the lack thereof) becomes cause of death.
Our sincerest condolences go out to those impacted by the Nashville Tornado. If you would like to contribute to the relief efforts, check out the Middle Tennessee Emergency Response Fund.
Resources:
The National Severe Storms Laboratory – Severe Weather 101: Floods
The 10 most destructive tsunamis in history (Campbell Phillips; March 16, 2011)
French J, Ing R, Von Allmen S, and Wood R. Mortality from flash floods: a review of national weather service reports, 1969-81. Public Health Rep. 1983 Nov-Dec;98(6):584-8
MedlinePlus: Tsunamis
Ancient Stories Preserve The Memory Of Tsunami In The Pacific Ocean (David Bressan; Mar 23, 2018)
Yellowstone National Park Trips: Deaths and Injuries at Yellowstone's Geysers and Hot Springs (Tom Arrandale; April 2, 2019)
Byard, R.W. The autopsy evaluation of “straightforward” fire deaths. Forensic Sci Med Pathol (2018) 14: 273
Johnstown Area Heritage Association (JAHA): Johnstown Flood Museum
Wikipedia:
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
In part three of their Elements Series, JET and Nic discuss how wind via tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and more becomes cause of death.
Resources:
Insurance Information Institute:
NOAA: Tornado Alley
Carter AO, Millson ME, Allen DE. Epidemiologic study of deaths and injuries due to tornadoes. Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Dec;130(6):1209-18.
Marchigiani R, Gordy S, Cipolla J et al. Wind disasters: A comprehensive review of current management strategies. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci. 2013 Apr;3(2):130-42.
FEMA Release: DMORT Operations End in Louisiana (March 3, 2006)
CNN: 5 dead as Hurricane Dorian slams into the Bahamas (Meg Wagner, Fernando Alfonso III, Mike Hayes, Tara John, Jessie Yeung and Bianca Britton; September 4, 2019)
Al Jazeera: Death toll in India dust storm and rain climbs up to 127 (4 May 2018)
World Meteorological Organization: Sand and Dust Storms
MIT Technology Review: How Sandstorms Generate Spectacular Lightning Displays (Emerging Technology from the arXiv; Mar 30, 2010)
Scientific American: Soil-Dwelling Fungus Rode Joplin Tornado to Unexpected Human Home (Jennifer Frazer; July 28, 2015)
Neblett Fanfair R, Benedict K, Bos J, et al. Necrotizing cutaneous mucormycosis after a tornado in Joplin, Missouri, in 2011. N Engl J Med. 2012 Dec 6;367(23):2214-25.
Wikipedia:
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
In part two of their Elements Series, JET and Nic discuss the ways in which fire and volcanic eruptions become cause of death.
How can I help provide wildfire relief?
Australia Bushfire (links from CNN):
Donations can be made to several organizations working toward victim relief and recovery, including the Australian Red Cross, Salvation Army Australia, the NSW Rural Fire Service, and the St. Vincent de Paul Society Australia
Help the devastated animal population by giving to wildlife rescue and treatment groups like WIRES, the Port Macquarie Koala Hospital, and Currumbin Wildlife Hospital
Resources:
Brown, S.K., Jenkins, S.F., Sparks, R.S.J. et al. Volcanic fatalities database: analysis of volcanic threat with distance and victim classification. J Appl. Volcanol. 6, 15 (2017).
USGS:
CNN: Australia's deadly wildfires are showing no signs of stopping. Here's what you need to know (Jessie Yeung; Jan 13, 2020)
Byard, R.W. The autopsy evaluation of “straightforward” fire deaths. Forensic Sci Med Pathol (2018) 14: 273.
Medscape: Forensic Pathology of Thermal Injuries (Valerie J Rao, Jesse C Giles, Laura Knight, J Scott Denton; Oct 18, 2016)
Vox: What would happen if the Yellowstone supervolcano actually erupted? (Brad Plumer; Dec 15, 2014)
Smithsonian Magazine: Mount Vesuvius Boiled Its Victims’ Blood and Caused Their Skulls to Explode (Jason Daley; Oct 10, 2018)
Wikipedia:
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
In part one of their Elements Series, JET and Nic discuss the ways in which all things dirt, dust, rubble, and rock become cause of death.
Resources:
USGS: Landslide deaths and Landslide Interactive Map
The Rockulus: How Many People Die Rock Climbing?
CDC: Landslides
Stella-Watts AC, Holstege CP, Lee JK, and Charlton NP. The Epidemiology of Caving Injuries in the United States. Wilderness Environ Med. 2012 Sep;23(3):215-22
Outside Online: Exploring Caving Accidents, Deaths, and Rescues in the United States (Sep 13, 2012)
All That’s Interesting: Why Utah’s Nutty Putty Cave Is Sealed Up With One Spelunker Inside (William DeLong; June 19, 2018)
Gershon R et al. Mass fatality preparedness among medical examiners/coroners in the United States: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14: 1275
Forensic Pathology (Practical Aspects of Criminal and Forensic Investigations) by Dominick DiMaio and Vincent J.M. DiMaio (Second edition, 2001)
Barss P. Injuries due to falling coconuts. J Trauma. 1984 Nov;24(11):990-1.
Reiff Law Firm: OVER 100 PEOPLE KILLED BY TREES EVERY YEAR IN THE U.S. (26 March 2014)
Ranker: What It's Like to Die from Being Sucked Into Quicksand (Laura Allan)
BBC News: Early human ancestor Lucy ‘died falling out of a tree’ (Jonathan Webb; 29 August 2016)
Wikipedia:
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic discuss alcohol use disorder, including the deadly outcomes, while sipping a couple of hot toddies!
Resources:
Center for Disease Control: Fast Stats and Alcohol Use and Your Health / Cancer / Death
National Institute of Health (NIH): National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) including DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Definition
Alcohol.org: What is Alcohol Poisoning?
Mayo Clinic: Alcohol Poisoning
GBD 2016 Alcohol Collaborators. Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2018; 392: 1015–35.
Fernández-Solà J. Cardiovascular risks and benefits of moderate and heavy alcohol consumption. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2015 Oct;12(10):576-87.
Agrawal P and Vaiphei K. Histomorphological features of pancreas and liver in chronic alcoholics--an analytical study in 390 autopsy cases. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2014 Jan-Mar;57(1):2-8.
Kaplan MS, Huguet N, McFarland BH, et al. Use of alcohol before suicide in the United States. Ann Epidemiol. 2014 Aug;24(8):588-592.
Branas CC, Han S, and Wiebe DJ. Alcohol Use and Firearm Violence. Epidemiol Rev. 2016;38(1):32-45.
Kuhns JB, Wilson DB, Clodfelter TA, et al. A meta-analysis of alcohol toxicology study findings among homicide victims. Addiction. 2011 Jan;106(1):62-72.
Milroy CM. Fatty Liver and the Forensic Pathologist. Acad Forensic Pathol. 2018 Jun;8(2):296-310.
The Chemist’s War (Deborah Blum, Slate, Feb 19, 2010)
Murderpedia: Gilbert Paul Jordan
Wikipedia:
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
In this holiday themed episode, JET and Nic discuss a Santa-related urban legend and tell tales of murderous St. Nicks.
Resources:
Snopes: Santa Stuck in Chimney (David Mikkelson)
Vice: A Brief History of People Getting Stuck in Chimneys and Dying (Mike Pearl, 23 Dec 2015)
Time: ‘Criminal Santa’ Gets Stuck in Chimney During Burglary Attempt (Melissa Chan, 19 Dec 2017)
Fox40: That’s Not Santa: Burglary Suspect Gets Stuck in Chimney of Citrus Heights Business (Karma Dickerson, 17 Dec 2017)
Citrus Heights Police Department: Criminal Santa
LA Times: Suspected burglar stuck in chimney dies after homeowner lights fire in Fresno County (AP, 25 Nov 2015)
CBS News: Dr. Jacquelyn Kotarac Dies Trying to Slide Down Boyfriend's Chimney, Say Police (Edecio Martinez, 1 Sept 2010)
Mix 99.9: A Santa Story, Sort Of: Man Gets Stuck Going Down A Chimney (Mason, 10 Dec 2019)
Patch: Phoenix Kid Stuck In Chimney: 'Don't Know What We Were Thinking' (Beth Dalbey, 2 Dec 2019)
Ranker: 7 Murders Committed By People Dressed As Santa Claus (Jake Black)
Daily Mail: Father dressed as Santa gunned down entire family on Christmas Day because 'he was upset his estranged wife was doing well on her own' (Daily Mail Reporter, 30 Dec 2011)
Wikipedia: Santa Claus Bank Robbery
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic discuss sharp force injuries in forensic pathology. WARNING: Suicide is discussed throughout the episode. If you or someone you love is struggling with suicidal ideation, please get help from health care professionals near you or by calling the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255. Don't end up on an autopsy table before your time!
Resources:
Forensic Pathology: Practical Aspects of Criminal and Forensic Investigations (DiMaio and DiMaio)
Atlas of Forensic Pathology (J.A. Prahlow and R.W. Byard)
Falling Icicles:
Falling icicles kill record numbers in St Petersburg (Andrew Osborn; 24 Mar 2010 from The Telegraph)
Chicagoans vs. Falling Icicles: A History (John Metcalfe; 13 Feb 2012 from CityLab)
Death By Icicle – 10 Chilling Tales Of People Killed By Icicles (Updated: 25 Oct 2019 on Go Green Travel Green)
Empress Elisabeth of Austria (Wikipedia)
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic cover the epidemiology of animal attacks and the role of the forensic pathologist in fatal animal encounters.
Resources:
World Health Organization (WHO): Animal Bites
These Are The Top 15 Deadliest Animals on Earth (Lydia Ramsey, Business Insider, 23 Feb 2018)
Science Daily: Number of people killed by animals each year in the US remains unchanged (28 Feb 2018)
Gilchrist J, Sacks JJ, White D, and Kresnow MJ. Dog bites: still a problem? Inj Prev. 2008 Oct;14(5):296-301.
Fatality Facts 2017: Collisions with fixed objects and animals
Gudmannsson P, Berge J, et al. A Unique Fatal Moose Attack Mimicking Homicide. J Forensic Sci. 2018 Mar;63(2):622-625.
Forrester JD, Forrester JA, Tennakoon L, and Staudenmayer K. Mortality, hospital admission, and healthcare cost due to injury from venomous and non-venomous animal encounters in the USA: 5-year analysis of the National Emergency Department Sample. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2018 Dec 11;3(1):e000250.
Centers for Disease Control (CDC): Rat-bite fever (RBF)
Byard RW. Animals, autopsies and artefacts. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2011 Dec;7(4):309-10.
ASPCA News: What Is Veterinary Forensic Science? Special Q&A with Dr. Rachel Touroo (March 6, 2007)
SG Newbery, Cooke SW, Martineau HM. A Perspective on Veterinary Forensic Pathology and Medicine in the United Kingdom. Veterinary Pathology. 2016;53(5):894–897.
Murray LA, Sivaloganathan S. Rambutt--the killer sheep. Med Sci Law. 1987 Apr;27(2):95-7.
Gudmannsson P, Berge J. The Forensic Pathology of Fatal Attacks by the Large Mammals Inhabiting the Nordic Wilderness—A Literature Review. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2019;64(4): 976-981.
Langley RL. Human Fatalities Resulting From Dog Attacks in the United States, 1979–2005. Wilderness Environ Med. 2009 Spring;20(1):19-25.
Wikipedia:
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic discuss mass casualty incidents, the forensic pathologist's role, and the systems set up to approach them.
Resources:
DMORT - Team 3
Forensic Pathology: Practical Aspects of Criminal and Forensic Investigations (DiMaio and DiMaio)
Mass Fatality Incidents: A Guide for Human Forensic Identification Technical Working Group for Mass Fatality Forensic Identification (NIJ, June 2005)
Gershon R et al. Mass fatality preparedness among medical examiners/coroners in the United States: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14: 1275
National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME) Standard Operating Procedures for Mass Fatality Management (2010)
Wikipedia:
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
Special Halloween Edition: JET and Nic discuss all things witchy and how sorcery is tied to forensics.
Resources:
History of Witches (History, last updated: September 19, 2019)
Toil and Trouble: How Conflict and Climate Change are Triggering Witch Hunts (By Evan Fraser, Alexander Legwegoh, Krishna KC, and Marion Davis posted to Foreign Affairs on August 16, 2015)
THE FIRST POSTMORTEM RECORDED IN THIS COUNTRY. JAMA. 1893;XXI(18):661–662.
SCIENCE CASTS NEW LIGHT ON WITCH TALE by Frank Spencer-Molloy (The Hartford Courant, October 31, 1993)
T. E. C. Jr. THE EARLIEST RECORDED AUTOPSY IN AMERICA PERFORMED IN 1662 ON THE 8-YEAR-OLD ELIZABETH KELLEY. Pediatrics. Apr 1978:61(4)572.
Fottrell E et al. The epidemiology of ‘bewitchment’ as a lay-reported cause of death in rural South Africa. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2012 Aug; 66(8): 704–709.
Wikipedia: Murder of Victoria Climbié
Siamese twin follow-up: Jimenez FA. The first autopsy in the New World. Bull N Y Acad Med. 1978 Jun; 54(6): 618–619.
Wikipedia: Witchcraft
Sokhieng Au. Cutting the Flesh: Surgery, Autopsy and Cannibalism in the Belgian Congo. Med Hist. 2017 Apr; 61(2): 295–312.
THE HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL EXAMINERS: National Association of Medical Examiners Past Presidents History eBook (2016 edition).
Legends of America: Elizabeth Kelly – “Killed” by Witch Goody Ayres (Kathy Weiser-Alexander, June 2018)
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic discuss temperature-related illness and death.
Resources:
Forensic Pathology: Practical Aspects of Criminal and Forensic Investigations (DiMaio and DiMaio)
Atlas of Forensic Pathology (J.A. Prahlow and R.W. Byard)
CDC: Deaths Attributed to Heat, Cold, and Other Weather Events in the United States, 2006–2010 (Berko et al.)
Family of 4, including children, found dead in van in Garden Grove may have suffered carbon monoxide poisoning (Scott Schwebke and Theresa Walker; March 19, 2018, The Orange County Register)
Wikipedia: Hypothermia
Hans Cristian Anderson "The Little Match Girl" December 1895
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic describe the myriad ways and types of injuries your noggin can sustain. Bonus: the illustrative stories for this week feature cases they were involved in.
Resources:
Forensic Pathology: Practical Aspects of Criminal and Forensic Investigations (DiMaio and DiMaio)
Atlas of Forensic Pathology (J.A. Prahlow and R.W. Byard)
Essential Forensic Neuropathology (JC Troncoso, A Rubio, and D Fowler)
Medicolegal Neuropathology: A Color Atlas (D Dolinak and E Matshes)
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic briefly discuss asphyxia in general before diving into the ins and outs of strangulation including two stories from recent pop culture. WARNING: Suicide is discussed throughout the episode. If you or someone you love is struggling with suicidal ideation, please get help from health care professionals near you or by calling the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255. Don't end up on an autopsy table before your time!
Resources:
DiMaio D and DiMaio V. Forensic Pathology: Practical Aspects of Criminal and Forensic Investigations. Boca Raton: CRC Press (2nd edition, 2001)
Atlas of Forensic Pathology (J.A. Prahlow and R.W. Byard)
Time Magazine: Kids Are Playing the 'Choking Game' to Get High. Instead, They're Dying (Melissa Chan, MARCH 12, 2018)
Ullrich NJ and Goodkin HP. The "choking game" and other strangulation activities in children and adolescents. Torchia MM, ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. (Accessed on September 6, 2019.)
Wikipedia: Jeffrey Epstein
New York Times: The Not-So-Fine Art of Hanging (Tom Zeller Jr. - January 16, 2007)
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic discuss the history of the American opioid epidemic, its impact on public health and forensic pathology, and things to look out for in suspected cases of opioid overdose.
Resources:
The Patriot Act with Hasan Minhaj: “Fentanyl” (August 11, 2019; Netflix)
ASTHO Brief: Forensic Pathologist Shortages: Context and Considerations for State Public Health Agencies (March 2019)
Pelletier DE and Andrew TA. Common Findings and Predictive Measures of Opioid Overdoses. Acad Forensic Pathol. 2017 Mar; 7(1): 91–98.
Common Questions About Opioids (AARP Bulletin, May 19, 2017)
History of the Opioid Epidemic: How Did We Get Here? (Poison control – National Capital Poison Control)
Melinek J. The Hidden Costs of the Opioid Epidemic. Forensic Magazine (June 6, 2018)
Martin M et al. China White epidemic: an eastern United States emergency department experience. Ann Emerg Med. 1991 Feb;20(2):158-64.
Wikipedia: Opioid Epidemic
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic take their first dive into toxicology. After walking through a brief history of the field, they discuss the basics of forensic toxicology and recount two interesting toxicologic mysteries.
Resources:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Introduction to Public Health. In: Public Health 101 Series. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2014. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/publichealth101/public-health.html.
Hanzlick R. Medical examiners, coroners, and public health: a review and update. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2006 Sep;130(9):1274-82.
Buchanich JM et al. The Effect of Incomplete Death Certificates on Estimates of Unintentional Opioid-Related Overdose Deaths in the United States, 1999-2015. Public Health Rep. 2018 Jul/Aug;133(4):423-431.
Levy B. The need for informatics to support forensic pathology and death investigation. J Pathol Inform. 2015 Jun 23;6:32.
Bugeja et al. The utility of medico-legal databases for public health research: a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications using the National Coronial Information System. Health Res Policy Syst. 2016; 14: 28.
Paul Coverdell Forensic Science Improvement Grants Program (the Coverdell program)
Ruida M et al. Molecular Autopsy for Sudden Death in the Young: Is Data Aggregation the Key? Front Cardiovasc Med. 2017 Nov 9;4:72.
Death Investigation in America: Coroners, Medical Examiners, and the Pursuit of Medical Certainty (Jeffrey M. Jentzen)
Guarnieri M. Landmarks in the history of safety. Journal of Safety Research. 1992; Volume 23, Issue 3, Autumn 1992, Pages 151-158.
Guns and Public Health: In Their Lane
Examples of PH data published by DI offices:
CDC Foundation: Public Health in Action (https://www.cdcfoundation.org/what-public-health)
Wikipedia: Public Health
Andersen JD. Whole genome and transcriptome sequencing of post-mortem cardiac tissues from sudden cardiac death victims identifies a gene regulatory variant in NEXN. Int J Legal Med. 2019 Aug 7.
Cann F et al. Phenotype-driven molecular autopsy for sudden cardiac death. Clin Genet. 2017 Jan;91(1):22-29.
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic take their first dive into toxicology. After walking through a brief history of the field, they discuss the basics of forensic toxicology and recount two interesting toxicologic mysteries.
Resources:
Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology (3rd edition)
A Simplified Guide To Forensic Science: Toxicology (National Forensic Science Technology Center)
Toxicology on Trial and The Marsh Test (Visible Proof: Forensic Views of the Body)
Pounder DJ and Jones GR. Post-mortem drug redistribution--a toxicological nightmare. Forensic Sci Int. 1990 Apr;45(3):253-63.
Atlas of Forensic Pathology (J.A. Prahlow and R.W. Byard)
Brought to Life: Exploring the History of Medicine - Thalidomide (Science Museum)
Environmental Health and Medicine Education: Arsenic Toxicity (ATSDR)
Practical Clinical Pathology (2nd Edition) by Daniel D. Mais
Copping, M.J. (2009). Death in the beer-glass : the Manchester arsenic-in-beer epidemic of 1900-1 and the long-term poisoning of beer.
"The Tylenol Murders, Part I" 28 May 2019. Stuff Media LLC.
The Tylenol Scare Timeline
Chronology of Events in Tylenol Poisonings with AM-Tylenol (Associated Press; February 13, 1986)
How the Tylenol Murders of 1982 Changed the Way We Consume Medications by Dr. Howard Markel (September 29, 2014)
The Chicago Tylenol Murders (Historic Mysteries)
Mégarbane B. Antidotal treatment of cyanide poisoning. J Chin Med Assoc. 2003 Apr;66(4):193-203.
Facts About Cyanide (CDC)
Ma J and Dasgupta PK. Recent developments in cyanide detection: A review. Anal Chim Acta. 2010 Jul 19; 673(2): 117–125.
Bhat S and Udupa K. Taxonomical outlines of bio-diversity of Karnataka in a 14th century Kannada toxicology text Khagendra Mani Darpana. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013 Aug;3(8):668-72; discussion 672.
Eldrige JS et al. Opioids: Clinical Practice, Monitoring, and Medicolegal Considerations. The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine. 2017 Dec; vol. 2 no. 4 573-586.
Wikipedia:
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic go into the dirty details of the postmortem period by discussing postmortem changes and how those changes, and more, are used to help determine time of death.
Resources:
Atlas of Forensic Pathology (Joseph A. Prahlow and Roger W. Byard)
Forensic Pathology: Practical Aspects of Criminal and Forensic Investigations (Vincent and Dominick DiMaio)
Carrasco PA et al. Histological transformations of the dental pulp as possible indicator of post mortem interval: a pilot study. Forensic Sci Int. 2017 Oct;279:251-257.
Vavpotic M et al. Characteristics of the number of odontoblasts in human dental pulp post-mortem. Forensic Sci Int. 2009 Dec 15;193(1-3):122-6.
Crostack et al. Re-establishment of rigor mortis: evidence for a considerably longer post-mortem time span. Int J Legal Med. 2017 Jul;131(4):1039-1042.
Wikipedia:
Estimating the Time of Death (Explore Forensics)
Hubig M et al. Improving stomach content based death time determination by maximum probability estimation. Forensic Sci Int. 2018 Apr;285:135-146.
Kawashima W et al. Estimating the Time after Death on the Basis of Corneal Opacity. J Forensic Res. 2015;6:269.
Ding et al. Estimation of postmortem interval by vitreous potassium evaluation with a novel fluorescence aptasensor. Scientific Reports volume 7, Article number: 1868 (2017).
Adserias-Garriga J et al. Dynamics of the oral microbiota as a tool to estimate time since death. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2017 Dec;32(6):511-516.
Can microbes keep time for forensic investigators? by Carolyn Beans (PNAS January 2, 2018 115 (1) 3-6)
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic discuss all things autopsy. We start with the history of the postmortem examination, then delve into why autopsies are performed, and end with the different ways the procedure can be done.
Resources:
Autopsy Pathology: A Manual and Atlas (3rd edition)
Kotabagi et al. Clinical Autopsy vs Medicolegal Autopsy. Med J Armed Forces India. 2005 Jul; 61(3): 258–263
Blokker et al. Conventional Autopsy versus Minimally Invasive Autopsy with Postmortem MRI, CT, and CT-guided Biopsy: Comparison of Diagnostic Performance. Radiology. 2018 Dec;289(3):658-667
Kang et al. Postmortem examination of human fetuses: comparison of two-dimensional ultrasound with invasive autopsy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Feb;53(2):229-238
Grabherr et al. Postmortem CT Angiography Compared with Autopsy: A Forensic Multicenter Study. Radiology. 2018 Jul;288(1):270-276
Rutty et al. Diagnostic accuracy of post-mortem CT with targeted coronary angiography versus autopsy for coroner-requested post-mortem investigations: a prospective, masked, comparison study. Lancet. 2017 Jul 8;390(10090):145-154
Joint European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) and International Society for Forensic Radiology and Imaging (ISFRI) guidelines: paediatric postmortem computed tomography imaging protocol. Pediatr Radiol. 2019 May;49(5):694-701
Report and Recommendations of the Association of Pathology Chairs' Autopsy Working Group. Acad Pathol. 2018 Aug 30;5:2374289518793988
Torkamani et al. Molecular Autopsy for Sudden Unexpected Death. JAMA. 2016 Oct 11;316(14):1492-1494
Bagnall et al. Exome sequencing-based molecular autopsy of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue after sudden death. Genet Med. 2017 Oct;19(10):1127-1133
Shamseldin et al. Molecular autopsy in maternal-fetal medicine. Genet Med (Genetics in Medicine). 2018 Apr;20(4):420-427
Forensic Pathology Online: Autopsy
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic discuss the differences between the types of medicolegal death investigation systems in the US.
Resources:
Last Week Tonight: Death Investigation
DiMaio D and DiMaio V. Forensic Pathology: Practical Aspects of Criminal and Forensic Investigations. Boca Raton: CRC Press (2nd edition, 2001)
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee for the Workshop on the Medicolegal Death Investigation System. Medicolegal Death Investigation System: Workshop Summary
Medscape: The Medical Examiner and Coroner Systems
NAS Report 2009 – Strengthening Forensic Science in the US: A Path forward
The 2009 NAS Forensic Science Report: A Literature Review (Paul C. Giannelli, 2012)
Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) Brief - Forensic Pathologist Shortages: Context and Considerations for State Public Health Agencies (March 2019)
Looming Shortage of Coroners Has Historic Parallel (Emilie Le Beau Lucchesi, Discover Magazine 2018)
NPR - Coroners Don’t Need Degrees (Sandra Bartlett, 2011)
NAME position paper on using pathology assistants to conduct autopsies
Wikipedia: Coroner
Science Direct: Coroner
Wikipedia: Death certificate
Wikipedia: Medical Examiner
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll
JET and Nic discuss the history of crime scene investigation, forensic anthropology, and how the TV shows "CSI" and “Bones” differ from reality.
Resources:
What It Takes to Become a CSI (Crime Scene Investigator)
Forensic Science (Wikipedia)
Bones (Fox, 2005-2017, 12 seasons)
An overview of age estimation in forensic anthropology: perspectives and practical (Nicholas Márquez-Grant)
Natural History Museum - Jamestown Jane
Can Grave Secrets Be Revealed via Analysis of Bare Bones? How Kathy Reichs's Fiction Novels Feed the Public Perception of Forensic Anthropology (Heather Walsh‐Haney)
Vasa Museet - Face to face exhibit
Outdoor forensic anthropology research laboratories (body farms)
The geometrical precision of virtual bone models derived from clinical computed tomography data for forensic anthropology (Coleman et al.)
Between Male and Female (Molly Bearman)
What Our Skeletons Say About the Sex Binary (Alexandra Kralick)
Race is not an accurate or productive way to describe human biological variation (Jason Antrosio)
Will DNA analysis replace skeletal analysis? – DNA recovery and analysis from skeletal material in modern forensic contexts (Krista Latham and Jessica Miller)
Music: Lee Rosevere - Introducing to the Pre-Roll